Jet A1
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Jet A1Jet A1
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D6 Virgin Fuel OilD6 Virgin Fuel Oil
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ULSD EN590ULSD EN590
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D2D2
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Marine Gas OilMarine Gas Oil
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Crude OilCrude Oil
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Gasoline 87Gasoline 87
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Gasoline 89Gasoline 89
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Gasoline 91Gasoline 91
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Gasoline 92Gasoline 92
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Gasoline 93
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Gasoline 94
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IFO 380IFO 380
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IFO 180IFO 180
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JP 54JP 54
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Roy Chacón
LLB, Chief Operations Officer
Is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colorless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance. The turbine generates power by converting the chemical energy stored in the fuel into a combination of mechanical energy and heat. a combination of mechanical energy and heat.
In an aircraft turbine, small carbonaceous particles form prematurely during combustion processes. These particles continue to burn as they pass through the flame and are completely consumed. If these carbonaceous particles are not completely consumed by the flame, they can impact on the turbine blades and the turbine’s stators causing erosion of the materials. In addition, the carbonaceous particles are responsible for the visible smoke that turbines can emit.
Stability
Lubricity
Fluidity
Viscosity
Volatility
Corrosion
Cleaning
Freezing point
Through the refining activity, crude oil is transformed into higher value-added products, one of them being fuels.
Almost all of today’s JET A-1 is obtained from the middle fractions from Atmospheric Distillation, which is the first stage in the refining of a crude oil. The objective of this process is to vaporize the crude oil and separate by condensation at different temperatures different fractions, obtaining kerosene in one of them.
Primary fractions from crude oil distillation (Straight-run) Hydrotreated primary fractions (sulfur removal) Conversion fractions (FCC, Visbreaking, etc.)
Typical Physical Properties For Jet A / Jet A-1
Jet A-1 fuel must meet:
- DEF STAN 91-91 (Jet A-1),
- ASTM specification D1655 (Jet A-1)
- IATA Guidance Material (Kerosene Type), NATO Code F-35.
- Jet A fuel must reach ASTM specification D1655 (Jet A)
Flash point
Autoignition temperature
freezing point
max adiabatic burn temperature
Density at 15 °C (59 °F)
Specific energy
Energy density
Jet A-1
38 °C (100 °F)
210 °C (410 °F)
−47 °C (−53 °F)
2,230 °C (4,050 °F)open
air burn temperature:
1,030 °C (1,890 °F)
0.804 kg/L (6.71 lb/US gal)
43.15 MJ/kg (11.99 kWh/kg)
34.7 MJ/L (9.6 kWh/L)
Jet A
38 °C (100 °F)
210 °C (410 °F)
−40 °C (−40 °F)
2,230 °C (4,050 °F)open
air burn temperature:
1,030 °C (1,890 °F)
0.820 kg/L (6.84 lb/US gal)
43.15 MJ/kg (11.99 kWh/kg)
35.3 MJ/L (9.8 kWh/L)
